نشریه حکمرانی و توسعه
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

Throughout the history of science, various methodologies have been designed and recommended that sometimes years, but also centuries, have dominated the scientific traditions of universities. With the development of knowledge and increasing the diversity of specialties and approaches and the formation of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary sciences, a kind of confusion was created in the methods and ways of testing scientific achievements that the consequences of this were in some cases negation of the validity of the method and in some cases reducing scientific efforts to repeat mechanical methods for mass production of knowledge. In management knowledge, in terms of dealing with emerging human beings and actors, the meaning avoidance in the face of public managers with necessary realities, false semantics in public administration, the instantaneous emergence of some public administration problems, methodological challenges are exacerbated. Also, dealing with religious values adds to the difficulty of analyzing management issues. Therefore, the challenge of creating a method based on problem solving conditions and research about it is discussed. Thus, scholars of this field should be familiar with the proper processes of the construction of the method and its test so that they can develop the desired method to research about it according to each specific status of "problem-‌situation". This becomes especially complicated in the face of values, to the extent that it can be said that one of the most important reasons for the complexity of the humanities is the necessity of deliberately confronting values. Therefore, the challenge of science and religion in the structuring knowledge and value in illustration of the path of knowledge development is very important.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electronic human resource management on the competitiveness of the bank through the mediation of electronic trust among the employees of  Zahedan Maskan Bank branches. The statistical population is 300 employees of Zahedan Maskan Bank branches. Sampling was estimated Around 169 people using the Morgan table. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires of human resource management Taheri et al. (2011), Competitiveness Questionnaire of Amir Hosseini and Zad Paydar Bank (2016), and the Electronic Trust Questionnaire of Niko Brothers et al. (2017). Spss 26 and smart pls3 software were used to analyze the data. The results of the structural equation model showed that there is a positive and significant effect between electronic human resource management, competitiveness, and electronic trust among the employees of Maskan Bank branches. The results also showed that human resource management had the greatest impact on e-trust, then human resource management on competitiveness, and finally competitiveness on e-trust.

Urban Sovereignty  deals with the creation and maintenance of urban infrastructure and services, and is a purely political process through citizens and various groups that express their interests, moderate their differences, reach agreement, and act with their legal rights and obligations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sustainable urban development on urban governance.The method of the present research is applied and field survey The statistical population of this study includes all experts in the municipality affairs or employees of the administrative department of the municipality in Kashmar in 2020 whose number is 102 people. The sampling method in this study is simple random and the number of samples was determined 81 people, using Morgan table.  For data analysis, EXCEL, PLS Smart and SPSS software were used and the model fit indices were acceptable. All values ​​of combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were above 0.7. Diagnostic validity was also confirmed using Fornell and Larker indices  The results of the hypothesis test showed that economic development does not have a positive effect on Sovereignty , but social development(0.382)  and environmental maintenance (0.414).have a positive and significant effect on urban governance . Municipalities and city councils can better fulfill urban governance through the framework of sustainable urban development.

More than 77% of the regions in Iran are classified as medium to very deprived areas from the point of view of economic, social and environmental sustainability indicators. Since the failure to provide appropriate platforms for development governance is considered as the reason for the failure of development programs, the present study investigates the development governance system of the deprived areas of the country and emphasizes the role of network governance in solving problems of complex systems; It has analyzed the power distribution structure among the legal actors of the sustainable development of deprived areas of the country. For this purpose, after reviewing the laws and regulations of the deprived areas of the country, based on the laws of the 6th five-year development plan, 38 legal responsibilities and 39 institutions/organizations responsible and collaborators for the development of the deprived areas of the country were extracted. The matrix of actors' cooperation network by using the indicators of degree centrality, betweenness centrality, density and coherence; Geodesic distance and intersection points were analyzed. The findings of the analysis of the network governance structure of the development of the deprived areas of the country indicate the concentration of decision-making power in the government and the imbalance in the distribution of power between actors, and without fundamental reform of the governance structure of the development network of the deprived areas of the country, we cannot expect to solve the problems of socio-economic complex systems in the deprived areas of the country.  Finally, the policy proposals for the development of network governance according to the results of the review of national laws and regulations and development plans and the results of the analysis of the governance network for the development of the deprived areas of the country in the direction of balancing the distribution of legal power between responsible and cooperative institutions based on opportunity The participation of key actors including  state institutions, private sector and popular institutions in the decision-making process is presented.

In recent years, the phenomenon of dust with internal origin has been intensified, especially in the south and the southwest regions of the country which In addition to the impact on people's health, public service has also been impaired. On February 2016, due to the Khuzestan electricity network outage, other vital infrastructures such as water, communications, etc. collapesed, and created many problems in the society. In this research, the causes of the aggravation of the dust phenomenon in the region were targeted, especially with an emphasis on human-made factors. The results showed the policies and actions of the Ministries, especially the Ministry of Energy, regarding water resources and wetlands in the province are among the important factors of the occurrence, and the intensity of dust in the region and the duality of the role of the Ministry of Energy in the development governance of the province is manifested; Because despite the fact that the electricity department of the Energy Ministry considered itself a victim of the dust phenomenon in the Khuzestan power outage occurrence, the policies of the water sector of this ministry have been known to be effective in the occurrence of the dust phenomenon, which is the main cause of the power outage occurrence. According to the public governance of the environment in the country, the Ministry of Energy, as one of the government institutions, has certain duties regarding the protection of the environment, but the results of its performance regarding the water resources of Khuzestan province violated the aforementioned duties and duality in the structure-function and tasks of protection-exploitation has been detected in February outage.

The current research aims to analyze information technology and its role in realizing good urban governance, with an emphasis on the participation of citizens of Zahedan. The type of research is applied-developmental and the study method is documentary-survey. In order to collect information from the questionnaire and to analyze the research data, SPSS, GIS, and Super Decision software were used. The statistical population includes the citizens of the five districts of Zahedan, and 383 residents were selected and studied by cluster sampling combined with systematic randomness in all the districts of the city. The results of the ranking of regions in the use of information technology to achieve good urban governance show that region 1, as a region that has the most educated people, and region 3, as the region that has the most vulnerable and poor strata, and as a result of the lack of access to the Internet, are the most unfavorable regions in terms of using information technology to achieve good urban governance. Also, obtaining a very high correlation coefficient between the components of information technology and the dimensions of citizens' participation in the five areas of Zahedan city shows that the greater the use of information technology among the citizens of Zahedan city, the greater the citizens' participation in the city administration. The situation is better now.